Jesus: Myth or History? is a provocative study of the life and teachings of Jesus by the British scholar Archibald Robertson. Drawing on a range of historical and literary sources, Robertson explores the possibility that Jesus was a mythic figure rather than a historical one. This controversial book challenges conventional ideas about the origins of Christianity and the nature of religious belief.

Archibald Horace Mann Robertson (1886 – 1961) was an English civil servant who became a writer on history, social affairs. He took an active part in the decision to launch the Thinker's Library in 1929, and it was he who suggested that name for the series. In 1931 Robertson resigned from the civil service and devoted himself to left-wing politics, history and the critique of the Christian religion.
With a number of others he became concerned that the Rationalist Press Association focussed too narrowly on the demolition of superstition and the popularisation of science, valuable though that work was. Robertson and his allies advocated a greater emphasis on social issues.
As he a little later wrote to Charles Watts "... The younger generation are not interested in the criticism of religion except so far as it bears on social questions. They are interested in peace, economics and sex questions. And the RPA doesn't help them. ..."
In 1931 a group of nine members who saw things in that way including C. E. M. Joad, J. B. Coates and J. A. Hobson stood for election to the RPA Board and were defeated. Disappointed, they decided to form the Federation of Progressive Societies and Individuals (FPSI).
Robertson soon resigned from the RPA Board to devote his energies to the FPSI.
For fifteen years following the end of World War II he was an Appointed Lecturer for the South Place Ethical Society, where his lectures were very popular and respected by his colleagues.